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Medical Encounters and Treatment Outcomes in Ironman-Distance Triathlon.

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  • 1Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA.

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Summary

Elite ultraendurance triathletes, especially females and younger/older age groups, frequently experience medical issues like dehydration and nausea. Intravenous fluids are common treatments, with most athletes finishing the race after medical attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Ultraendurance triathlons present unique physiological demands.
  • Understanding medical encounters is crucial for athlete safety and event management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze injury and illness patterns in elite ultraendurance triathletes.
  • To identify common treatments and outcomes for medical encounters during these events.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 10,533 medical encounters from 27 Ironman triathlons (1989-2019).
  • Quantification of participant demographics, injury types, treatments, and disposition.
  • Calculation of concurrent medical complaint likelihood.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative incidence of medical encounters was 221.9/1000 participants.
  • Higher rates observed in younger (<35 yr), older (70+ yr), and female athletes.
  • Dehydration and nausea were most common complaints; IV fluid was the most frequent treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Ultraendurance triathlons see high medical encounter rates, particularly in specific demographics.
  • Gastrointestinal and exertional symptoms are prevalent, with IV fluids being a common intervention.
  • Most athletes complete the race post-medical care, highlighting the need for optimized event medical strategies.