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Patients with Down Syndrome and COVID-19 Pneumonia Requiring Ventilatory Support: A Case Series
Rasathurai Kajenthiran1, Jacob Paul1, Abhijit Nair1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Ibra Hospital, Ibra, Oman.
Insights
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are vulnerable to severe COVID-19 pneumonia due to immune dysregulation and cardiopulmonary issues. Prioritizing DS patients for COVID-19 immunization is crucial for preventing serious outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Human Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Down syndrome (DS) is the most common human chromosomal abnormality, with a notable birth prevalence in Oman (2.4/1000).
- Individuals with DS possess inherent cardiopulmonary and intellectual vulnerabilities, increasing susceptibility to severe respiratory infections.
- Immune dysregulation in DS patients can lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses, such as cytokine storms, during viral infections.
Abstract:
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality found in humans. In Oman, the birth prevalence of DS is 2.4 in 1000 (about 120 affected births per year). Underlying compromised cardiopulmonary status and intellectual disabilities predispose these patients to be particularly vulnerable to serious respiratory viral infections. They also tend to have exaggerated cytokine storms due to underlying immune dysregulation. We report our experience with three DS patients who contracted COVID-19 pneumonia and were admitted to our intensive care unit where they were successfully managed and discharged. Patients with DS are highly susceptible to serious outcomes due to COVID-19. They should be given top priority in immunization programs.
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