A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain: IgG4-Related Sclerosing Mesenteritis

A 67-year-old man with previous cardiovascular disease was referred to our consultation due to a 5-month history of recurrent epigastric pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and full blood workup presented no alterations. CT scan showed an irregularly shaped mass at the root of the mesentery, measuring 40x25x47mm, with spiculated contours and retractile behaviour (a). Simultaneous densification of the adjacent fat and infracentimetric ganglionic formations scattered throughout the mesentery were shown. Surgical biopsy revealed extensive storiform fibrosclerosis, with the presence of interstitial lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate and obliterative phlebitis (b); the plasma cells had mostly IgG expression, with IgG4:IgG ratio >40% (c), accounting for more than 30- 40 IgG4 plasma cells per field. The serum IgG4 level was 137mg/dL. A diagnosis of IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis was made, without other organ involvement. Prednisolone (0.6mg/kg/d) improved partially the abdominal pain, so steroid sparing strategy with off-label rituximab was associated. Due to its low prevalence, the understanding of this entity is scarce, and its diagnosis is challenging. Unlike other manifestations of IgG4-related disease, the intra-abdominal disease is identified in later stages, due to unspecific symptoms. This case aims to raise awareness about this condition as a differential diagnosis of abdominal pain.