Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.2K
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

3.5K
Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
3.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.3K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.3K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.5K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial: Dynamics of endocrine system dysfunctions and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations: early diagnostic to therapeutic implications.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Protein Abundance of Hydrolytic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Different Tissues and across Species.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Mediator subunit MED4 enforces metastatic dormancy in breast cancer.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Characterizing Multifunctional Mesoporous Cerium Silicate Nanoparticles for Potential Use in Bioactive Dental Materials: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Stool antigen-based enzyme immunoassays: performance evaluations and automation.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2026
Same author

Nationwide spread of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae across US communities.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.9K

Methacrylate Polymers With "Flipped External" Ester Groups: A Review.

Dhiraj Kumar1, Robert D Bolskar2, Isha Mutreja3

  • 1Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Frontiers in Dental Medicine
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New ethylene glycol bis (ethyl methacrylate) (EGEMA) dental composites show improved durability by positioning ester bonds externally. This design enhances resistance to hydrolysis, offering better long-term performance than traditional methacrylate materials.

Keywords:
degradationdentaldental materialsdurabilityflipped ester groupmethacrylate monomersnovel polymerphysical properties

More Related Videos

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.0K
Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

21.9K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.0K
Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Current dental resin composites have limitations in long-term durability due to hydrolysis of ester bonds in methacrylate polymers.
  • Ester bonds within the polymer backbone are susceptible to degradation by water and enzymes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the degradation resistance and physical properties of a novel methacrylate monomer, ethylene glycol bis (ethyl methacrylate) (EGEMA).
  • To compare the performance of EGEMA against traditional ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA).

Main Methods:

  • Custom synthesis of EGEMA with external ester groups.
  • Degradation assays using buffer, esterase, and microbial environments.
  • Analysis of degradation products using LC/GC-MS.
  • Bioinformatics-based biodegradation predictions.

Main Results:

  • EGEMA demonstrated superior physical and mechanical properties compared to EGDMA in all degradation assays.
  • Hydrolysis of EGEMA produced minimal ethanol, preserving the polymer backbone's integrity.
  • Experimental results aligned with bioinformatics predictions regarding biodegradation.

Conclusions:

  • EGEMA exhibits enhanced degradation resistance due to its external ester group positioning.
  • This novel structure offers potential for improved clinical durability in dental restorative materials.
  • Further research into custom-synthesized methacrylates with external ester groups is warranted.