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Coherent OTDR with large dynamic range based on double-sideband linear frequency modulation pulse.

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    This study introduces a novel coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) method using double-sideband pulses to double the dynamic range of Rayleigh scattering-based distributed optical fiber sensors. This advancement improves sensing capabilities for applications like vehicle tracking and structural health monitoring.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optic Sensing
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Distributed optical fiber sensors using Rayleigh scattering are crucial for long-distance monitoring applications.
    • Existing sensors face limitations in dynamic range, hindering performance in demanding scenarios.
    • Enhancing dynamic range is key for applications like vehicle tracking, structural health monitoring, and geological surveys.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) technique to significantly enlarge the dynamic range of Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) based distributed optical fiber sensors.
    • To demonstrate a method that doubles the dynamic range without requiring increased bandwidth in signal generation or detection equipment.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a COTDR system employing a double-sideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulse.
    • Utilized I/Q demodulation to effectively process both positive and negative frequency components of the Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) signal.
    • Conducted experiments using a 10 μs pulse width and a 498 MHz frequency sweeping range over a 5 km single-mode fiber.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a doubled dynamic range for the distributed optical fiber sensor system.
    • Demonstrated single-shot strain measurement with a spatial resolution of 2.5 m over a 5 km sensing distance.
    • Successfully measured a vibration signal with 3.09 με peak-to-peak amplitude, corresponding to a 461 MHz frequency shift, utilizing the double-sideband spectrum.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed double-sideband LFM pulse COTDR method effectively doubles the dynamic range of Rayleigh scattering-based distributed optical fiber sensors.
    • This technique enables enhanced performance for long-distance sensing applications without compromising signal processing bandwidth.
    • The system proves capable of precise strain measurement and vibration detection, outperforming single-sideband methods in dynamic range recovery.