Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

436
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
436
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

217
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
217
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

686
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
686
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

215
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
215
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

75
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
75
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

467
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
467

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Not Just Half a Doctor: Promoting Humanism During Stressful Times.

Annals of the Child Neurology Society·2026
Same author

Results of a National Delphi consensus on the outpatient management of pediatric psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in the United States.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2024
Same author

Tuberous sclerosis complex: Diagnostic features, surveillance, and therapeutic strategies.

Seminars in pediatric neurology·2024
Same author

Education Research: Educating Child Neurology Residents About Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Needs Assessment.

Neurology. Education·2024
Same author

Teaching Video NeuroImage: HIHARS-AA: Involuntary Hyperventilation-Induced Staring Spells Can Mimic Absence Seizures.

Neurology·2024
Same author

A Specialist Weighs In: The Many Faces of Weakness in Children.

Pediatrics in review·2023
Same journal

Hemangiomas: Beyond the Skin.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

More Than Innocent: A Continuous Murmur in an Infant.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Genetic Testing.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Visual Diagnosis: Term Infant With a Hemorrhagic Dermatologic Lesion.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Long-Term Complications of Sickle Cell Disease.

Pediatrics in review·2026
Same journal

Pediatric Multisystemic Illness With Cardiac Involvement: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Pediatrics in review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

17.8K

Status Epilepticus.

Daniel A Freedman1, E Steve Roach1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Austin Dell Medical School and Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, TX.

Pediatrics in Review
|June 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Status epilepticus, a neurologic emergency, requires prompt treatment to prevent severe harm. Effective medications and early recognition by pediatricians are crucial for managing this common childhood condition.

More Related Videos

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
08:43

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Published on: July 21, 2015

25.7K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
08:28

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

17.8K
Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
08:43

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Published on: July 21, 2015

25.7K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Status epilepticus is a critical neurologic emergency, most common in children.
  • It carries substantial risks of morbidity and mortality if not managed promptly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the initial management and differential diagnosis of status epilepticus in children.
  • To emphasize the role of pediatricians in early recognition and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current guidelines and literature on status epilepticus management.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including laboratory testing, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography.

Main Results:

  • Prompt administration of benzodiazepines or other antiseizure medications is key to terminating seizures.
  • Differential diagnoses include psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and treatment of status epilepticus by pediatricians can prevent long-term neurologic deficits, cognitive impairment, and behavioral issues.
  • Effective management involves patient stabilization, seizure termination, and consideration of differential diagnoses.