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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Rod-based Fabrication of Customizable Soft Robotic Pneumatic Gripper Devices for Delicate Tissue Manipulation
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A fabric-based soft hand exoskeleton for assistance: the ExHand Exoskeleton.

Juan C Maldonado-Mejía1,2, Marcela Múnera2,3, Camilo A R Diaz1

  • 1Telecommunications Laboratory (LabTel), Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil.

Frontiers in Neurorobotics
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study validates a fabric-based soft hand exoskeleton for assisting daily living activities. The ExHand Exoskeleton demonstrated high performance in grasping diverse objects, showing its potential for rehabilitation and daily assistance.

Keywords:
activities of daily livingassistive technologieshand exoskeletonsoft actuatorssoft robotics

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Area of Science:

  • Soft robotics
  • Rehabilitation robotics
  • Human-robot interaction

Background:

  • Soft robotics and textile-based pneumatic actuation are advancing hand exoskeletons for activities of daily living (ADL).
  • Existing devices show potential but require thorough evaluation of grasping capabilities with various objects.
  • Stable object manipulation is crucial for successful ADL assistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and experimentally validate a fabric-based soft hand exoskeleton.
  • To assess the exoskeleton's grasping performance across diverse objects and ADLs.
  • To evaluate user satisfaction with the device.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a fabric-based soft hand exoskeleton (ExHand Exoskeleton).
  • Utilized The Anthropomorphic Hand Assessment Protocol (AHAP) with 24 objects and 8 grasp types.
  • Conducted tests with 10 healthy users and administered a user satisfaction questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • The ExHand Exoskeleton achieved a Maintaining Score of 95.76% ± 2.90%, demonstrating stable contact with various objects.
  • The device successfully assisted in performing the eight grasp types evaluated by the AHAP.
  • User satisfaction was high, with a mean score of 4.27 ± 0.34 out of 5.

Conclusions:

  • The fabric-based soft hand exoskeleton effectively grasps a variety of objects, supporting ADLs.
  • The ExHand Exoskeleton shows promise for both rehabilitation and daily living assistance.
  • Positive user feedback indicates the device's potential for practical application.