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Intermolecular forces dictate several physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, solubilities, and so forth. They are classified into four types: ionic forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole forces, and dispersion forces. Ionic forces are the strongest, while dispersion forces are the weakest.
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Stability, Rheological Behavior, and pH Responsiveness of CTAB/HCl Acidic Emulsion: Experimental Investigation.

Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn1, Fahd Saeed Alakbari1, Alif Nur Aiman Bin Azman Nor1

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Summary

This study investigates cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) acidic emulsions, crucial for oilfield operations. Results show CTAB/HCl emulsion stability and rheology are pH-dependent, especially in acidic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Surfactant chemistry
  • Colloid and surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is a widely used surfactant in oilfield applications.
  • Acidic conditions, common in well stimulation and EOR, can affect CTAB emulsion performance.
  • Limited research exists on the behavior of CTAB-based acidic emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the stability, rheological properties, and pH responsiveness of CTAB/HCl-based acidic emulsions.
  • To understand the influence of temperature, pH, and CTAB concentration on emulsion characteristics.
  • To provide insights into the performance of CTAB emulsions under acidic conditions relevant to oilfield operations.

Main Methods:

  • Emulsion stability was assessed using bottle tests.
  • Rheological behavior was studied using a TA Instrument DHR1 rheometer.
  • Steady-state (viscosity, flow sweep) and dynamic (storage/loss modulus) tests were performed across various shear rates and frequencies.

Main Results:

  • CTAB/HCl emulsions exhibited Newtonian to shear-dependent (pseudosteady) rheological behavior, influenced by temperature and CTAB concentration.
  • The tendency for solid-like behavior was dependent on CTAB concentration, temperature, and pH.
  • Significant pH responsiveness was observed within the acidic pH range.

Conclusions:

  • CTAB/HCl emulsions demonstrate tunable rheological properties and stability under varying conditions.
  • The findings highlight the importance of pH control for optimizing CTAB emulsion performance in acidic oilfield environments.
  • This research provides valuable data for the application of CTAB surfactants in challenging EOR and well stimulation scenarios.