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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Updated: Jul 24, 2025

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Association Between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level and Bell's Palsy.

Avishai Stahl, Ameen Biadsee, Tzipi Hornik-Lurie1

  • 1Research Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|July 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Low thyroid hormone function, specifically low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is linked to an increased risk of Bell

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bell's palsy is a sudden, unexplained facial nerve paralysis.
  • Thyroid hormone dysregulation, particularly subclinical hyperthyroidism, is a potential contributing factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyroid hormone function and Bell's palsy.
  • To determine if subclinical hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor for Bell's palsy.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study using a large electronic medical record database (Clalit Health Services).
  • 1,374 patients with Bell's palsy were matched (1:2) with 2,748 controls based on age and sex.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels measured up to 60 days prior to Bell's palsy diagnosis were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A significantly higher percentage of Bell's palsy patients had low TSH levels (≤0.55 mIU/L) compared to controls (5.7% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001).
  • Low TSH was independently associated with a 1.45-fold increased odds of Bell's palsy, even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors.
  • The majority of patients with low TSH exhibited normal free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels, indicating subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism is independently associated with Bell's palsy.
  • Thyroid hormone function, specifically low TSH, may play a role in the development of Bell's palsy.