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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

48.8K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Updating the Definition of Cancer.

Joel S Brown1, Sarah R Amend2, Robert H Austin3

  • 1Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.

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Cancer involves uncontrolled cell growth and spread. A proposed definition highlights transformed cells evolving through natural selection, capturing cancer's dynamic nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Current cancer definitions describe observable traits but not the underlying cellular transformation.
  • Existing definitions lack the dynamic aspect of cancer cell evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a revised, more comprehensive definition of cancer.
  • To incorporate the concepts of cellular transformation and evolution by natural selection into the definition of cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of existing cancer definitions.
  • Integration of current understanding of cancer biology and evolutionary principles.

Main Results:

  • A proposed definition: Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled proliferation by transformed cells subject to evolution by natural selection.
  • This definition encompasses uncontrolled growth, cellular transformation, and the evolutionary dynamics of cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The revised definition provides a more accurate and complete understanding of cancer.
  • Incorporating evolution by natural selection modernizes the definition to reflect current scientific insights.