Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 24, 2025
07:46
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
8.6K
Dynamical Inflaton Coupled to Strongly Interacting Matter
Christian Ecker1, Elias Kiritsis2,3, Wilke van der Schee4,5
1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Physical Review Letters
|July 7, 2023
Summary
Cosmology
Area of Science:
- Cosmology
- Quantum Field Theory
- String Theory
Background:
- The inflationary theory explains particle creation during reheating after cosmic inflation.
- Understanding the universe's early stages requires reconciling gravity with quantum field theory.
Purpose of the Study:
- To self-consistently couple Einstein-inflaton equations with a holographic quantum field theory.
- To investigate the resulting cosmological evolution, including reheating and thermal equilibrium.
Main Methods:
- Coupling Einstein-inflaton equations to a strongly coupled quantum field theory via holography.
- Analyzing the theoretical framework to derive cosmological outcomes.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated a self-consistent model leading to an inflating universe.
- Showcased a reheating phase consistent with cosmological observations.
- Confirmed the emergence of a universe dominated by a thermalized quantum field theory.
Conclusions:
- The holographic approach provides a viable framework for understanding early universe cosmology.
- Reheating and thermal equilibrium are natural consequences of coupling gravity to strongly coupled quantum fields.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Fermi Level Dynamics
286
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
286
01:22Ampere's Law in Matter
767
The total current density in magnetized material is the sum of the free and bound current densities. The free current arises due to the motion of free electrons within the material, while the bound current arises due to the alignment of magnetic dipole moments.
The differential form of Ampere's law in vacuum states that the curl of the magnetic field equals the permeability times the current density. In a magnetized material, the law is modified to incorporate the free and bound current...
The differential form of Ampere's law in vacuum states that the curl of the magnetic field equals the permeability times the current density. In a magnetized material, the law is modified to incorporate the free and bound current...
767
02:59The Atomic Theory of Matter
108.9K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
108.9K
02:20Dynamic Equilibrium
52.0K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
52.0K
01:30Electromagnetic Waves in Matter
3.0K
Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
3.0K
01:15Newton's Law of Gravitation
12.9K
Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward force was unique to Earth. By the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) put forward the heliocentric theory, which suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the sun, while the Moon orbited the Earth. However, it was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who linked these two motions together in the 17th century. He reasoned that the force of...
12.9K