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Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
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The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
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Maximum Efficient Power Performance Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Two-Stage Thermoelectric Generators.

Lei Tian1,2,3, Lingen Chen1,2,3, Yanlin Ge1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes two-stage thermoelectric generators for maximum efficient power using finite-time thermodynamics and NSGA-II algorithms. Performance is enhanced by adjusting heat exchanger area and thermoelectric element distribution.

Keywords:
efficient powerfinite-time thermodynamicsmulti-objective optimizationoptimal distribution of heat exchangers areaoptimal distribution of thermoelectric elementstwo-stage thermoelectric generator

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Energy Conversion
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Two-stage thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are crucial in aerospace, military, industrial, and daily applications.
  • Optimizing TEG performance is essential for improving energy harvesting efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deduce the efficient power expression for two-stage TEGs using finite-time thermodynamics.
  • To optimize the distribution of heat exchanger area, thermoelectric elements, and working current for maximum efficient power.
  • To perform multi-objective optimization using the NSGA-II algorithm.

Main Methods:

  • Application of finite-time thermodynamics to derive efficient power expressions.
  • Optimization of heat exchanger area, thermoelectric element distribution, and working current.
  • Utilizing the NSGA-II algorithm for multi-objective optimization with dimensionless output power, thermal efficiency, and dimensionless efficient power as objectives.

Main Results:

  • Maximum efficient power decreases with an increase in the number of thermoelectric elements (0.308W to 0.2381W for 40 to 100 elements).
  • Maximum efficient power increases significantly with larger heat exchanger areas (0.0603W to 0.3777W for 0.03m² to 0.09m²).
  • Multi-objective optimization yielded deviation indexes of 0.1866 (LINMAP), 0.1866 (TOPSIS), and 0.1815 (Shannon entropy).

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully optimized two-stage TEGs for enhanced performance.
  • Heat exchanger area and thermoelectric element distribution are critical parameters for maximizing efficient power.
  • The NSGA-II algorithm provides an effective approach for multi-objective optimization of TEGs.