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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Design of a Completely Vertical, Polarization-Independent Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler with High Coupling

Chung-Chih Lin1,2, Yen-Cheng Lu2, Yu-Hsuan Liu2

  • 1Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel 2D grating coupler for silicon photonics, achieving efficient, polarization-independent signal transfer between optical fibers and silicon waveguides. This innovation simplifies packaging and measurement for integrated circuits.

Keywords:
CMOS compatibilitycompletely vertical couplinggrating couplerpolarization-independent couplingsilicon photonics

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Integrated Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Efficient optical coupling is critical for silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in applications like optical communication and sensing.
  • Current coupling methods often face challenges with packaging and measurement due to alignment sensitivity and polarization dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically demonstrate a novel two-dimensional (2D) grating coupler for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms.
  • To achieve completely vertical and polarization-independent optical signal transfer between optical fibers and silicon waveguides.
  • To mitigate coupling loss and enhance directionality for practical PIC applications.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
  • Design of a 2D grating coupler incorporating corner mirrors to manage diffraction.
  • Optimization of grating asymmetry using a partial single-etch process to improve directionality without a bottom mirror.

Main Results:

  • A high coupling efficiency of -1.53 dB was achieved.
  • A low polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of 0.015 dB was obtained.
  • The coupler demonstrated completely vertical and polarization-independent coupling to a standard single-mode fiber at ~1310 nm.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2D grating coupler offers a promising solution for efficient and robust optical interfacing in silicon photonics.
  • The design's polarization independence and vertical coupling simplify PIC packaging and measurement.
  • This technology has the potential to advance optical communication and sensing systems based on PICs.