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Hierarchical Clustering Analysis for Positioning Two Intrusion Events at Different Locations Using Dual Mach-Zehnder

Ting-Wang Chen1, Likarn Wang1

  • 1Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.

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|August 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study uses hierarchical clustering analysis with a dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer to accurately locate two simultaneous intrusion events along a fiber optic perimeter. The method achieved a positioning accuracy within 21.55 meters for detecting intrusions.

Keywords:
dual Mach-Zehnder interferometerhierarchical clustering analysisintrusion detectiontwo simultaneously-occurring intrusion events

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Signal Processing
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are crucial for security.
  • Mach-Zehnder interferometers offer sensitive detection capabilities.
  • Accurate localization of multiple simultaneous events remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a hierarchical clustering analysis method for precisely locating two simultaneous intrusion events.
  • To apply this method to a dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer system for enhanced intrusion detection.
  • To assess the localization accuracy of the proposed technique.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated two simultaneous intrusion events by knocking sensing fibers of a dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
  • Analyzed clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) signals using Fourier transform to determine time delays.
  • Employed hierarchical clustering analysis twice: first on short time-period data, then on 100 sequential signal pairs with spectral amplitude ratios.

Main Results:

  • The first clustering analysis identified single intrusion event locations.
  • The second clustering analysis successfully determined the respective locations of two simultaneous intrusion events.
  • Demonstrated a localization accuracy within 21.55 meters on a 1036 m fiber perimeter.

Conclusions:

  • Hierarchical clustering analysis is effective for pinpointing multiple simultaneous intrusions detected by a dual Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
  • The proposed method offers a viable solution for improving the accuracy of fiber optic intrusion detection systems.
  • This technique has practical implications for securing critical infrastructure and perimeters.