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Maximizing Antenna Array Aperture Efficiency for Footprint Patterns.

Cibrán López-Álvarez1, María Elena López-Martín2, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-González3

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Maximizing antenna aperture efficiency reduces the number of radiating elements, leading to more directive and cost-effective antennas. This study provides methods to calculate aperture efficiency for various antenna footprints.

Keywords:
antenna array aperturesfootprint patternspattern synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Antenna theory and design
  • Electromagnetics
  • Satellite communications

Background:

  • Aperture efficiency is a critical but often overlooked parameter in antenna design.
  • Antenna cost and directivity are directly influenced by the number of radiating elements.
  • Optimizing aperture efficiency can lead to significant improvements in antenna performance and economics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that maximizing aperture efficiency reduces the number of radiating elements required for antennas.
  • To establish a relationship between antenna aperture boundary and half-power beamwidth for optimized designs.
  • To provide a method for calculating aperture efficiency for specific antenna footprints, including realistic scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a mathematical expression for aperture efficiency based on beamwidth.
  • Synthesis of a rectangular antenna footprint with a 2:1 aspect ratio from a flat-topped beam pattern.
  • Numerical computation of antenna contour and aperture efficiency for asymmetric coverage patterns.

Main Results:

  • A direct correlation was found between maximizing aperture efficiency and reducing the number of radiating elements.
  • A method was developed to calculate aperture efficiency in terms of beamwidth for rectangular footprints.
  • The study successfully computed antenna contours and aperture efficiency for asymmetric coverage patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Maximizing aperture efficiency is key to developing more directive and economical antennas.
  • The presented mathematical framework allows for the design of antennas with specific beamwidth characteristics.
  • The findings are applicable to various antenna designs, including those for satellite communications with asymmetric coverage requirements.