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Optimizing leachate treatment with titanium oxide-impregnated activated carbon (TiO2@ASC) in a fixed-bed column:
Kulbir Singh1,2, Rajesh Kumar Lohchab3, Hakim Aguedal4,5
1Department of Civil Engineering, MM Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India, 133207.
Abstract:
This research focused on the application of a fixed bed column filled with immobilized titanium oxide-loaded almond shell carbon (TiO2@ASC) for the treatment of leachate. The adsorption performance of synthesized TiO2@ASC in fixed bed column is analyzed using adsorption experiments and modeling study. The characteristics of synthesized materials are determined by several instrumental techniques like BET, XRD, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX. The flow rate, initial concentration of COD and NH3-N, and bed height were optimized to determine the effectiveness of leachate treatment. The linear bed depth service time (BDST) plots equations with a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.98 confirmed the model's accuracy for COD and NH3-N adsorption in column structure. The adsorption process was found to be well predicted by an artificial neural network (ANN) model with a root mean square error of 0.0172 and 0.0167 for COD and NH3-N reduction, respectively. The immobilized adsorbent was regenerated using HCl and was found to be reusable for up to three cycles, promoting material sustainability. This study is aimed to contribute towards SDG 6 and SDG11 by United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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