Biogenic nanoparticles from waste fruit peels: Synthesis, applications, challenges and future perspectives

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology
• Materials Science
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Growing global concern over non-biodegradable waste necessitates innovative disposal and valorization strategies.
• Traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods face challenges regarding cost, environmental impact, and biocompatibility.
• Biodegradable waste, particularly from fruit and vegetable processing, presents an underutilized resource rich in bioactive compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the recent advancements in the biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing fruit and vegetable waste.
• To explore the potential of these biogenic NPs as therapeutic agents and their applications in nanomedicine.
• To highlight the sustainable and eco-friendly aspects of using agricultural byproducts in nanotechnology.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on biogenic synthesis of NPs from fruit and vegetable waste.
• Analysis of bioactive compounds in waste materials acting as reducing and capping agents.
• Evaluation of the pharmacological properties and industrial applications of synthesized NPs.

Main Results:

• Fruit and vegetable waste contains abundant bioactives (e.g., flavonoids, phenols, vitamin C) that facilitate eco-friendly NP synthesis.
• Biogenic NPs exhibit significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, making them suitable for therapeutic applications.
• The biogenic approach offers a cost-effective, simple, and environmentally benign alternative to conventional NP production.

Conclusions:

• Biogenic synthesis of NPs from fruit and vegetable waste is a viable strategy for sustainable nanotechnology and waste valorization.
• These NPs hold significant potential for development into advanced nanomedicines with diverse pharmacological functionalities.
• Further research into industrial-scale production and clinical applications is warranted to fully harness the benefits of this approach.