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3-D-Printed Models for Temporal Bone Training: A Validity Study.

Andreas Frithioff, Martin Frendø, Kenneth Weiss1

  • 1Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study validates a low-cost, 3-D-printed temporal bone model for mastoidectomy training. The model demonstrates high reliability and establishes a clear pass/fail score for competency-based surgical education.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Simulation
  • 3-D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Mastoidectomy training traditionally relies on cadaveric specimens or expensive simulators.
  • 3-D printing offers a potentially low-cost and accessible alternative for surgical skills development.
  • Validity evidence for 3-D-printed temporal bone models in mastoidectomy training is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gather validity evidence for a low-cost, 3-D-printed temporal bone model for mastoidectomy training.
  • To establish a credible pass/fail score for performance on the 3-D-printed model.
  • To assess the reliability and utility of the model in an educational setting.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective educational study employing Messick's validity framework.
  • Eighteen otolaryngology residents (novices) and 11 experienced otosurgeons (experts) performed mastoidectomies on 3-D-printed temporal bone models.
  • Performances were evaluated by blinded experts using a modified Welling scale, with reliability assessed via classical test theory and Generalizability theory.

Main Results:

  • Experts achieved significantly higher scores (23.2/25) than novices (13.9/25).
  • A pass/fail threshold of 21/25 was established using the contrasting groups method.
  • High assessment reliability was demonstrated with a Generalizability coefficient of 0.91, and 75% of score variance attributed to participant performance.

Conclusions:

  • The low-cost, 3-D-printed temporal bone model provides sufficient validity evidence for mastoidectomy training.
  • The model, printable in-house with consumer-grade printers, is a valuable addition to temporal bone surgical curricula.
  • A cut-off score of 21/25 on the Welling scale is recommended for competency-based assessment.