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Miniaturized Antenna Array-Based Novel Metamaterial Technology for Reconfigurable MIMO Systems.

Humam Hussein1, Ferhat Atasoy1, Taha A Elwi2

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Summary

A miniaturized microstrip antenna array for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems offers tunable performance using light-dependent resistors. This design eliminates biasing circuits and achieves excellent wireless channel capacity for massive MIMO applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Antenna Theory

Background:

  • Miniaturized antennas are crucial for modern wireless communication systems, especially for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) applications.
  • Achieving high performance and tunability in compact antenna designs often requires complex biasing circuits.
  • Sub-6 GHz frequency bands are increasingly important for 5G and beyond wireless technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a highly miniaturized, reconfigurable microstrip antenna array for sub-6 GHz MIMO systems.
  • To investigate the use of metamaterials and photonic switching for antenna performance control.
  • To evaluate the wireless channel performance of the proposed antenna in a massive MIMO environment.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a two-element microstrip antenna array incorporating meander lines and interdigital capacitors.
  • Utilizing a Minkowski fractal-shaped metamaterial (MTM) column for element separation.
  • Employing a photonic process with light-dependent resistors (LDRs) for tunable bandwidth and gain control.
  • Parametric studies for antenna optimization and experimental validation of a fabricated two-element array.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a miniaturized antenna with a separation distance of 0.08λ at 3 GHz on FR-4 substrate.
  • Obtained a tunable frequency bandwidth from 3 to 5.5 GHz with a maximum gain of 4.5 dBi.
  • Demonstrated suitability for massive MIMO arrays (64x64), achieving a maximum bit error rate (BER) below 0.15 and channel capacity (CC) of 2 Gbps.
  • Experimental results showed excellent agreement with simulation data.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed miniaturized microstrip antenna array offers a novel, reconfigurable solution for sub-6 GHz MIMO systems.
  • The photonic control mechanism effectively eliminates the need for complex biasing circuits, simplifying the design.
  • The antenna's performance in terms of bandwidth, gain, and wireless channel characteristics makes it highly suitable for future massive MIMO deployments.