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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

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Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study
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When Veterinary Drugs Reach Human Hospitals: A Problem-Based Learning Discussion.

Dhanesh D Binda1, Mauricio Gonzalez1, Victoria Rosales1

  • 1From the Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

A&A Practice
|July 18, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A hospital received veterinary isoflurane, risking patient safety. Vigilance in the drug supply chain is crucial to prevent medication errors and ensure patient well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Drug delivery to hospitals is complex.
  • Safeguards can fail, risking patient harm.
  • Medication errors pose significant risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a specific drug diversion incident.
  • To differentiate veterinary from human medications.
  • To highlight the need for supply chain vigilance.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a medication error.
  • Analysis of drug labeling and dispensing.
  • Review of drug supply chain vulnerabilities.

Main Results:

  • Veterinary isoflurane was mistakenly delivered.
  • The error was detected before patient administration.
  • Automated dispensing systems identified the mislabeled drug.

Conclusions:

  • Vigilance is essential in the pharmaceutical supply chain.
  • Distinguishing between human and veterinary drugs is critical.
  • Preventing medication errors safeguards patient health.