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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

40.1K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Manufacturing, Control, and Performance Evaluation of a Gecko-Inspired Soft Robot
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Manufacturing, Control, and Performance Evaluation of a Gecko-Inspired Soft Robot

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Gecko adhesion based sea star crawler robot.

Sampada Acharya1, Peter Roberts2, Tejas Rane3

  • 1Far-from-equilibrium Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI
|July 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel soft, amphibious robot inspired by sea stars and geckos. The robot combines sea star locomotion with gecko adhesion for enhanced crawling and climbing capabilities on diverse surfaces.

Keywords:
bio-inspired robotsgeckogecko adhesionsea starsoft-robots

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinspired Robotics
  • Soft Robotics
  • Locomotion

Background:

  • Bioinspired soft robotics aims to replicate natural animal locomotion.
  • Combining mechanisms from multiple organisms can enhance robotic movement.
  • Existing soft robots face challenges in amphibious locomotion and surface adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve locomotion in soft, amphibious robots.
  • To integrate sea star locomotion gait with gecko-inspired adhesion.
  • To develop a robot capable of crawling on various surfaces and climbing slopes.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a five-limbed, pneumatically actuated soft robot using stretchable elastomer.
  • Incorporated a gecko-inspired adhesive surface for enhanced grip.
  • Emulated sea star locomotion gait for movement.

Main Results:

  • The robot successfully crawled on a variety of surfaces.
  • Gecko-inspired adhesion enabled climbing on 25° slopes.
  • The robot could statically hold on to 51° slopes, demonstrating robust adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Combining sea star locomotion and gecko adhesion significantly enhances soft robot mobility.
  • The developed robot shows promising capabilities for amphibious locomotion and climbing.
  • This bioinspired approach offers a new direction for designing advanced soft robots.