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Related Concept Videos

Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

557
Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
557
Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

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Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
675
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

229
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
229
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

337
To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....
337
Resultant of a General Distributed Loading01:13

Resultant of a General Distributed Loading

709
While designing structures exposed to non-uniform loads, it is crucial to consider the resultant force and its location. This resultant force is a single vector representing the net force applied due to the distributed load.
Examples such as load distribution due to wind and load distribution on a bridge illustrate how this concept is used to analyze and design safe, reliable structures under variable loading conditions. Most structures, such as residential buildings, bridges, and towers, are...
709

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The effect of load on spatial statistical learning.

Nadav Amsalem1, Tomer Sahar1,2, Tal Makovski3

  • 1Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University, The Dorothy de Rothschild Campus, 1 University Road, P. O. Box 808, 43107, Ra'anana, Israel.

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Statistical learning (SL) is not effortless. Concurrent cognitive or memory demands significantly impair spatial SL, challenging assumptions about its automatic nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Statistical learning (SL) is typically considered a fundamental and effortless cognitive process.
  • The resource demands of spatial statistical learning (SSL) and its capacity for parallel processing remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether spatial SL requires cognitive resources.
  • To determine if spatial SL can be impaired by concurrent task demands.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments 1-4 utilized standard laboratory paradigms to assess spatial SL under varying concurrent cognitive and memory loads.
  • Concurrent demands included high- and low-cognitive load tasks, spatial memory load, and a minimal-demand dot-probe task.

Main Results:

  • High-load cognitive and spatial memory demands during familiarization abolished spatial SL.
  • Even low-load conditions significantly reduced learning compared to a no-load condition.
  • Minimal attentional demands from a dot-probe task also impaired spatial SL.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial SL is resource-dependent and is significantly impaired by concurrent task demands.
  • This challenges the view of spatial SL as an automatic and implicit process.
  • The findings suggest spatial learning is less effortless than previously assumed.