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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

A Binary Solution Strategy Enables High-Efficiency Quasi-2D Perovskite Solar Cells with Excellent Thermal Stability.

Tong Yue¹, Kang Li^1,2,3, Xing Li⁴

¹School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.

|July 21, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new method using acetic acid (HAc) to improve the stability and performance of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells. This strategy enhances film quality, boosting efficiency and thermal endurance for commercial viability.

Keywords:

2D perovskite HAc binary solution approach photovoltage stability

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Last Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Published on: September 8, 2017

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Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photovoltaics
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskites offer enhanced stability for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Complex crystallization due to multiple n-value species in 2D perovskites can hinder photovoltaic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a co-solvent strategy for high-quality 2D perovskite film preparation.
To investigate the impact of acetic acid (HAc) on crystallization kinetics and photovoltaic properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized a binary solution strategy with acetic acid (HAc) as a co-solvent.
Investigated the 2D perovskite model system (AA)2MA4Pb5I16 (n = 5).
Analyzed prenucleation and grain growth kinetics influenced by HAc.

Main Results:

HAc introduction modified prenucleation and grain growth kinetics.
HAc's electron-donating ability facilitated favorable cluster aggregate formation with PbI2.
Achieved a boosted photovoltaic efficiency of 18.55% with a 1.26 V photovoltage.
Demonstrated supreme thermal stability with <3% efficiency loss after 800 h aging.

Conclusions:

Acetic acid co-solvent strategy effectively improves 2D perovskite film quality.
Enhanced crystallization control leads to superior photovoltaic performance and stability.
This method presents a promising pathway for commercializing stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.