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Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
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Signal processing techniques are essential for accurately converting continuous signals to digital formats and vice versa. When a continuous signal is sampled with a period T, the resulting sampled signal exhibits replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain, spaced at intervals equal to the sampling frequency. To handle this sampled signal, a zero-order hold method can be applied, which creates a piecewise constant signal by retaining each sample's value until the next...
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Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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Low-complexity frequency-domain nonlinear equalizer with absolute operation for underwater wireless optical

Yanting Zhou, Junwei Zhang, Chao Lu

    Optics Express
    |July 21, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel low-complexity nonlinear equalizer for underwater wireless optical communications significantly reduces computational load. This advancement enhances data rates while maintaining high performance, paving the way for more efficient optical communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems face challenges from nonlinear impairments.
    • Conventional polynomial nonlinear equalizers (PNLEs) can be computationally intensive.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a low-complexity 3rd-order frequency-domain nonlinear equalizer (FD-NLE) for UWOC.
    • To reduce the computational complexity of nonlinear equalization in UWOC systems.

    Main Methods:

    • The proposed FD-NLE utilizes absolute operation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) with multiplication, replacing conventional square and convolution operations.
    • Implemented in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based UWOC system with adaptive bit and power loading.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved complexity reductions of over 77.3% and 66.9% compared to PNLE and PNLE with absolute operation, respectively.
    • Demonstrated data rate increments of approximately 5.6% and 5.7% at the HD-FEC limit.
    • Showcased up to 14.7% complexity reduction compared to FD-PNLE with similar performance.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed low-complexity FD-NLE offers a significant advantage for UWOC systems.
    • This method effectively mitigates nonlinear impairments while improving data rates and reducing computational load.