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Stark systems precisely measure gradient fields, offering super-Heisenberg precision beyond current quantum sensing limits. This quantum-enhanced sensitivity holds even with thermal fluctuations and multiparticle probes.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum sensing

Background:

  • Gradient fields can localize wave functions via Stark localization, suppressing particle tunneling.
  • Existing sensors struggle in the weak-field regime for precise gradient field measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate Stark systems as precise probes for gradient field measurement.
  • To investigate quantum-enhanced sensitivity and precision limits in Stark systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single-particle and multiparticle interacting probes within Stark systems.
  • Analyzed probe behavior in both extended and localized phases.
  • Investigated the impact of thermal fluctuations on measurement precision.

Main Results:

  • Stark probes achieve super-Heisenberg precision in the extended phase, surpassing known quantum sensing schemes.
  • Precision drops universally in the localized phase, converging to the thermodynamic limit.
  • Quantum-enhanced sensitivity is maintained across all eigenstates for single-particle probes.
  • Identified critical exponents of the Stark localization transition and their relationships.
  • Thermal fluctuations reduce precision to Heisenberg limits, still outperforming classical sensors.
  • Multiparticle probes show enhanced super-Heisenberg scaling near the transition point.

Conclusions:

  • Stark systems are highly effective for precise gradient field measurement, especially in weak-field regimes.
  • Super-Heisenberg precision is achievable, offering significant advancements in quantum sensing.
  • Quantum-enhanced sensitivity is robust, even considering state preparation time and thermal effects.