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Evolving Approach to Clinical Cytometry for Immunodeficiencies and Other Immune Disorders
Amir A Sadighi Akha1, Krisztián Csomós2, Boglárka Ujházi2
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|July 22, 2023
Summary
Inborn errors of immunity, previously primary immunodeficiencies, can present with diverse symptoms beyond infections. Advances in flow cytometry, using CD21low B cells as an example, offer new diagnostic approaches.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Clinical Laboratory Science
Background:
- Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) were historically defined by severe infections.
- PIDs encompass a broader spectrum including autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, lymphoproliferation, and malignancy, leading to the term 'inborn errors of immunity' (IEI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate how advances in flow cytometry can enhance laboratory diagnostics for inborn errors of immunity.
- To illustrate the utility of analyzing specific B cell subsets, such as CD21low B cells, in the context of IEI.
Main Methods:
- Utilized flow cytometry to analyze B cell subsets.
- Focused on the CD21low B cell subset, also known as age-associated B cells or T-bet+ B cells.
Main Results:
- The study used the CD21low B cell subset as a model to show the potential of flow cytometry in adapting diagnostic tests.
- This highlights the possibility of expanding the scope of laboratory tests to align with the evolving understanding of IEI.
Conclusions:
- Flow cytometry advancements offer opportunities to update and broaden the application of existing laboratory tests for inborn errors of immunity.
- Analyzing specific B cell subsets like CD21low B cells exemplifies how diagnostic capabilities can evolve with conceptual changes in understanding immune disorders.
