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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Executive functions beyond the "Holy Trinity": A scoping review.

Natália Martins Dias1, Isabela Espezin Helsdingen1, Eduarda Kammers Rita Momm de Lins1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina.

Neuropsychology
|July 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This scoping review reveals a wide range of executive functions (EFs) beyond core components like inhibitory control and working memory. Greater clarity in conceptualization and methodology is needed for effective assessment and intervention of diverse executive functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for lifelong outcomes, with inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility commonly studied.
  • A comprehensive understanding of other EFs, their assessment, and intervention is lacking in the scientific literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review mapping the conceptual and methodological approaches to executive functions in research.
  • To identify the diversity of executive function components and assessment methods beyond the core components.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searches across major databases (APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO) from 2017-2022.
  • Analysis of 242 studies, selected from 3,473 initial articles after rigorous screening and random sampling.

Main Results:

  • Predominance of studies focusing on health applications in adults and older adults from developed countries.
  • Consensus on EFs as multidimensional, yet a lack of explicit theoretical model identification.
  • Significant diversity in identified EF components, assessment instruments (predominantly performance tests), and construct-instrument alignment.

Conclusions:

  • The review identified a broad spectrum of skills categorized as EFs, extending beyond traditional core components.
  • Instruments used for EF assessment show considerable variety, with noted ambivalence in construct-instrument relationships.
  • Enhanced conceptual clarity, structural definition, and methodological rigor are essential for advancing EF assessment and intervention research.