New strategy for osseodensification during osteotomy in low-density bone: an in vitro experimental study

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Surgical Techniques

Background:

• Osseodensification is a bone grafting technique that enhances bone density.
• Low-density bone presents challenges for dental implant stability.
• Conventional drilling methods can generate excessive heat, potentially damaging bone tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate a novel osseodensification strategy using counterclockwise drilling in low-density synthetic bone.
• To compare the effects of the new technique versus conventional clockwise drilling on bone temperature and torque.
• To determine the efficacy of counterclockwise drilling for bone densification in type III and IV bone.

Main Methods:

• In vitro study using synthetic bone blocks (type III and IV).
• Comparison between conventional drilling (CD) and osseodensification (OD) using counterclockwise drilling.
• Measurement of temperature variation (ΔT) and torque during osteotomies, with and without irrigation.
• Utilized a thermocouple for temperature measurement and torque monitoring during osteotomies.

Main Results:

• Osseodensification (OD) using counterclockwise drilling generated significantly higher torque compared to conventional drilling (CD) in both bone types (p < 0.05).
• Temperature variations (ΔT) were significantly lower in the OD group with irrigation (ODc2) compared to CDc2 in both bone types.
• Despite higher torque, the temperature increase in the OD group remained below critical levels, indicating no thermal damage to the bone.

Conclusions:

• Counterclockwise drilling for osseodensification is an effective strategy for increasing bone torque in low-density bone.
• The technique offers a safe method for bone densification, as evidenced by controlled temperature variations.
• This novel approach holds potential for improving implant stability in compromised bone conditions.