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Cell Culture

Cell Culture

Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Sealable Femtoliter Chamber Arrays for Cell-free Biology

Sealable Femtoliter Chamber Arrays for Cell-free Biology

Published on: March 11, 2015

Development of Solid-State Storage for Cell-Free Expression Systems.

August W Brookwell^1,2, Jorge L Gonzalez³, Andres W Martinez³

¹Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology

|July 25, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel solid-state biologics (SSB) platform for stable storage and on-demand use of biological materials. This innovation overcomes cold-chain limitations, enabling diverse biotechnological applications.

Keywords:

CFPS CRISPR biologics biotechnology cell-free expression cold-chain complex biochemical system diagnostics in vitro biomanufacturing lyophilization paper-based devices solid-state biologics solid-state storage

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Materials Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Biological systems are fragile, requiring cold-chain infrastructure for storage and transport.
This fragility limits the potential of many biotechnological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel solid-state storage platform for complex biologics.
To create a platform compatible with various reaction formats and environments.

Main Methods:

Development of a solid-state biologics (SSB) platform.
Utilized crude *Escherichia coli* cell extracts as a model system.
Demonstrated SSB utility through protein biomanufacturing, CRISPR activation, and paper-based devices.

Main Results:

The SSB platform allows facile rehydration and activation of biochemical activity.
SSB supports complex downstream applications, including *in vitro* transcription and translation.
Successful proof-of-concepts for on-demand protein biomanufacturing, CRISPR activation, and paper-based diagnostics were achieved.

Conclusions:

Solid-state biologics (SSB) overcome cold-chain limitations for biological material storage.
SSBs enable diverse applications in biomanufacturing, discovery, diagnostics, and education, particularly in resource-limited settings.