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Birth Control Methods01:22

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Non-Hormonal Contraception.

Sarah Anne Howard1, Soumya Rahima Benhabbour1,2

  • 1Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing new non-hormonal contraceptives is crucial as hormonal options face safety concerns and existing non-hormonal methods have limitations. This review explores novel targets and drug candidates for effective, reversible pregnancy prevention.

Keywords:
contraceptivelong-actingnon-hormonalreversible

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and pharmacology
  • Contraceptive development

Background:

  • Hormonal contraceptives are effective but raise safety concerns, deterring many users.
  • Current non-hormonal contraceptives include sterilization, copper IUDs, barriers, and traditional methods, with limited reversible options for future fertility preservation.
  • High rates of unintended pregnancies necessitate the development of novel contraceptive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review identified non-hormonal contraceptive targets.
  • To discuss drug candidates currently in development for non-hormonal contraception.
  • To explore innovative approaches for pregnancy prevention in both women and men.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing and emerging non-hormonal contraceptive research.
  • Analysis of critical reproductive processes targeted by novel contraceptive agents.
  • Identification of drug candidates based on these targets.

Main Results:

  • Several non-hormonal contraceptive targets in critical reproductive processes have been identified.
  • Various drug candidates are in development, offering potential for new reversible contraceptive options.
  • The review highlights the scientific basis for these novel approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Novel non-hormonal contraceptives targeting key reproductive pathways are under development.
  • These advancements hold promise for improving contraceptive options, addressing unmet needs, and reducing unintended pregnancies.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to bring these candidates to fruition.