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Bioreactor Technologies for Enhanced Organoid Culture.

Joseph P Licata¹, Kyle H Schwab^1,2, Yah-El Har-El¹

¹Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|July 29, 2023

Summary

Organoid culture requires specialized bioreactors to mimic native tissue environments. This review covers four main bioreactor types (SBR, MFB, RWV, ES) for advanced organoid development and applications.

Keywords:

3D printing biomimetic differentiation embryoid body metabolism pluripotent simulated microgravity spheroid stem cell stimulation

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology

Background:

Organoids are 3D cell cultures mimicking native tissue structure and function.
Organoids are increasingly vital for studying development, drug discovery, and clinical applications.
In vitro organoid culture demands optimized environmental conditions beyond traditional cell culture.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the state-of-the-art in bioreactor technology for organoid culture.
To discuss the benefits and limitations of various bioreactor systems.
To explore future directions for enhancing organoid culture through bioreactor innovation.

Main Methods:

Discussion of four primary bioreactor categories: stirred bioreactors (SBR), microfluidic bioreactors (MFB), rotating wall vessels (RWV), and electrically stimulating (ES) bioreactors.
Analysis of commercial and in-house developed bioreactor systems.
Evaluation of bioreactor suitability for diverse organoid types and long-term culture.

Main Results:

Bioreactors provide essential cues like oxygenation, mechanical stimulation, and nutrient gradients for organoid growth.
Each bioreactor type offers distinct advantages for specific organoid applications.
Limitations include sterilization challenges, accessibility, and long-term usability.

Conclusions:

Bioreactor technology is crucial for high-fidelity organoid development.
Addressing current limitations will expand organoid culture applications.
Future bioreactor advancements promise enhanced organoid models for research and medicine.