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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

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Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates
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Directional Crystallization of Conjugated Molecules during Coating Processes.

Detlef-M Smilgies1,2, Ruipeng Li3

  • 1Center of Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing (CAMM) and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Achieving directional crystallization of organic molecules requires matching the coating speed to the fastest crystal growth rate. This method enables controlled crystal growth on smooth surfaces without special substrate preparation.

Keywords:
coating techniquesconjugated moleculescrystallization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Directional crystallization is essential for controlling material properties.
  • Achieving controlled crystallization on isotropic surfaces typically requires surface patterning.
  • Solution-phase coating offers a potential route for crystal growth modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions necessary for achieving directional crystal growth from solution.
  • To identify key parameters influencing crystallization orientation on smooth substrates.
  • To establish a method for controlled crystal growth without graphoepitaxy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of various solution-phase coating techniques.
  • Analysis of different coating parameters and their effect on crystal morphology.
  • Correlation of coating speed with crystal plane growth rates.

Main Results:

  • Directional crystal growth can be achieved on smooth, isotropic surfaces.
  • Matching coating speed to the fastest growing crystal plane is critical.
  • Eliminates the need for graphoepitaxial preparation of the substrate.

Conclusions:

  • Coating speed is a crucial parameter for controlling crystal orientation during solution-phase deposition.
  • This technique provides a pathway for fabricating oriented organic crystalline films without complex substrate engineering.
  • The findings have implications for thin-film device fabrication and materials design.