Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.3K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.3K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.1K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.1K
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

390
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
390
Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

2.4K
A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
2.4K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

2.6K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
2.6K
Vision01:24

Vision

53.6K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mitochondria-targeted phototherapeutic system enabling spatiotemporal-controlled NADH depletion for keloid intervention.

Materials today. Bio·2026
Same author

Simulation of a Dual-Band Reconfigurable Metasurface Absorber with Independent Absorption Intensity and Frequency Tuning.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Infrared Imaging for Autonomous Power Inspection: A Review from Detector to System Integration.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Establishment and characterization of a novel human ampullary carcinoma cell line derived from a Chinese patient.

BMC cancer·2026
Same author

Ginsenoside Rg5 alleviates allergic rhinitis in rats by modulating nasal microbiota by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3/BCL-2 and MAPK signaling.

Journal of ginseng research·2026
Same author

Depth-resolved microbial controls on iron-arsenic redox transformations in flooded paddy soils.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color
09:11

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

Published on: November 14, 2011

15.1K

Chromatic Plasmonic Polarizer-Based Synapse for All-Optical Convolutional Neural Network.

Junxiong Guo1, Yu Liu2, Lin Lin3

  • 1Institute of Advanced Study, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China.

Nano Letters
|August 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an all-optical synapse using surface plasmon resonance for efficient artificial neural networks. This novel device enables high-accuracy handwritten digit classification with reduced energy consumption.

Keywords:
Optical convolutional neural networkOptical synapsePolarizerSurface plasmon polariton

More Related Videos

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
08:54

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Published on: June 5, 2019

7.6K
Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color
09:11

Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

Published on: November 14, 2011

15.1K
Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
08:54

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Published on: June 5, 2019

7.6K
Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Artificial synapses are crucial for neural networks, but current devices face hardware and energy inefficiencies during rewriting.
  • Optical neural networks offer potential for faster and more energy-efficient computation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel all-optical synapse for efficient artificial neural networks.
  • To demonstrate the application of this synapse in optical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image classification.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a synaptic device using nanoscale crossed gold arrays with varying arm dimensions.
  • Utilizing surface plasmon resonance and light polarization for synaptic operation.
  • Implementing the synapse within an optical CNN architecture.

Main Results:

  • The optical synapse demonstrated strong response to incident light polarization.
  • The optical CNN achieved excellent performance in classifying MNIST handwritten digits.
  • A classification accuracy exceeding 98% was obtained on 10,000 test images after training on 1,000 images.

Conclusions:

  • The developed surface plasmon resonance polarizer-based synapse offers an efficient, low-cost, and scalable solution for artificial neural networks.
  • This approach paves the way for energy-efficient optical computing and hardware acceleration.