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Implementation intentions, or IF-THEN plans, show promise in reducing self-harm in specific situations. This intervention was most effective for individuals with strong goal intentions and frequent mental imagery related to self-harm.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Self-harm is a significant public health concern.
  • Implementation intentions are IF-THEN plans designed to facilitate goal-directed behavior.
  • Previous research suggests implementation intentions can influence behavior, but their efficacy in reducing self-harm requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of an intervention promoting implementation intentions in reducing self-harm within a community sample.
  • To explore potential moderators, such as goal intention, mental imagery, and exposure to self-harm, that might influence the intervention's impact.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 469 participants (aged 18-66).
  • Participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring self-harm, suicidality, goal intention, mental imagery, and exposure to self-harm at baseline and three-month follow-up.
  • Participants were randomized to either an experimental condition (forming implementation intentions) or a control condition.

Main Results:

  • No overall significant differences in self-harm or suicidality were found between the experimental and control groups at three-month follow-up.
  • However, a significant moderation effect was observed: participants in the experimental group with high levels of goal intention and mental imagery reported reduced self-harm in specified critical situations.
  • Exposure to self-harm did not moderate the intervention's effect.

Conclusions:

  • Implementation intentions can be a useful intervention for reducing self-harm in specific, pre-defined critical situations.
  • The intervention appears particularly beneficial for individuals motivated to avoid self-harm and those experiencing frequent self-harm-related mental imagery.
  • Future research should focus on tailoring implementation intention strategies to specific populations and self-harm contexts.