Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) diagnostic accuracy in active unilateral condylar hyperplasia:...

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Orthodontics
• Craniomaxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is a condition causing facial asymmetry.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective surgical planning, particularly condylectomy.
• The diagnostic utility of single photon emission tomography (SPECT) in active UCH requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT in identifying active unilateral condylar hyperplasia.
• To compare SPECT findings with 3D morphometric changes of the mandible over one year.
• To assess the suitability of SPECT alone for surgical decision-making in UCH.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 40 patients with UCH was studied over one year (T0 vs. T1).
• 3D morphometric analysis of mandibular changes was performed.
• SPECT imaging was conducted and compared with morphometric data; diagnostic accuracy metrics were calculated using contingency tables.

Main Results:

• SPECT demonstrated a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 63%, PPV of 59%, NPV of 83%, and overall accuracy of 70%.
• Morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in mandibular landmarks between patients with and without progressive asymmetry (p < 0.001).
• SPECT alone showed poor diagnostic performance for active UCH, with limitations in accuracy.

Conclusions:

• SPECT imaging alone is not sufficiently accurate for surgical decision-making in active UCH.
• Morphometric analysis provides valuable insights into mandibular changes associated with UCH.
• Combining SPECT with morphological assessment methods is recommended for confirming active UCH and guiding surgical interventions.