Nanostructure Control of GaN by Electrochemical Etching for Enhanced Perovskite Quantum Dot LED Backlighting

Upgraded technology has realized miniaturization and promoted transformation in each field. Miniaturized light-emitting diode (LED) chips enable higher resolution and create a full sense of immersion in displays. Porous GaN is a structure that can reduce excitation light leakage and enhance the light conversion efficiency. Perovskite quantum dots with the highest optical density as candidate materials for loading in pores can significantly decrease the aggregation phenomenon and increase the path of light absorption. Here, the porous tunability is explored by electrochemical etching under a range of voltages, concentrations, and etching times with acid and base electrolytes, such as oxalic acid and potassium hydroxide. Based on scanning electron microscopy images, the distribution of the pores and the morphology of pore channels can be distinguished under acid and base etching. Larger pore sizes and distorted channels (∼680 nm) are presented on the oxalic acid-etched GaN chip. In contrast, smaller pore sizes and straight-deeper channels (∼5650 nm) are demonstrated on the GaN by potassium hydroxide etching. Therefore, the hybrid nanostructure is etched by oxalic acid and potassium hydroxide, separately. The green and red light conversion efficiencies of perovskite quantum dots pumped by a blue LED can be improved by 3 and 10 times, respectively, resulting in a color gamut of approximately 124%.