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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

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Inflammatory Mediators and GBM Malignancy: Current Scenario and Future Prospective.

Ilya Ulasov1,2, Vaishali Singh3,4, Anastasia Laevskaya1

  • 1Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

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|August 8, 2023
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) involves complex tumor microenvironments. Cytokines mediate communication, influencing GBM growth and response to therapy, highlighting them as potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by significant inflammation.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, with inflammatory mediators playing key roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of cytokines as inflammatory mediators within the GBM tumor microenvironment.
  • To elucidate the communication pathways established by cytokines between glioblastoma cells and the TME.

Main Methods:

  • Minireview of existing literature on glioblastoma, tumor microenvironment, and inflammatory mediators.
  • Focus on the specific involvement and functions of various cytokines in GBM.

Main Results:

  • Cytokines exhibit both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions, crucial for cell communication in the TME.
  • Cytokines secreted by tumor cells are advantageous for tumor progression, while those from immune cells can protect host organs.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokines play a critical role in mediating communication within the GBM microenvironment.
  • Further investigation into cytokine regulatory mechanisms is needed for effective GBM therapeutic strategies and to improve treatment response.