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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is covered...
Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

Histology of the Large Intestine

The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Culture Methods to Study Apical-Specific Interactions using Intestinal Organoid Models
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In-silico and in-vitro morphometric analysis of intestinal organoids.

Sandra Montes-Olivas1, Danny Legge2, Abbie Lund1

  • 1Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Plos Computational Biology
|August 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an algorithm to count crypt-like structures in intestinal organoids and improved a computational model to predict their growth. This aids in standardizing organoid cultures for clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Computational Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Organoids are valuable in-vitro models for studying tissue growth and therapies.
  • Variability in organoid cultures hinders clinical implementation due to unknown mechanisms and inconsistent conditions.
  • Standardization tools are needed for robust biological models and accurate clinical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop tools for assessing and predicting organoid behavior for improved standardization.
  • To automate the quantification of key morphological structures in intestinal organoids.
  • To compare in-vitro experimental data with in-silico model predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an algorithm for automated crypt-like structure counting in intestinal organoids (in-vitro and in-silico images).
  • Modified a 2D agent-based mathematical model to simulate intestinal organoid physiology.
  • Generated new experimental data for in-vitro intestinal organoid cultures to validate the model.

Main Results:

  • The crypt-counting algorithm accurately approximated budding structures in in-vitro cultures at days 3 and 7.
  • The modified in-silico model showed potential to replicate budding structures observed in in-vitro data at days 5 and 7.
  • The study provides a method to quantify structures and compare in-vitro and in-silico experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • The developed algorithm and computational model contribute to standardizing organoid cultures.
  • These tools can aid in creating more robust biological models for clinical research.
  • Future extensions could involve 3D in-silico models for more complex simulations.