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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Deep eutectic solvents based on sugars for oral applications.

Laura Lomba1, Alejandra Polo1, Álvaro Werner1

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autov. A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|August 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs) show promise for enhancing drug solubility. DESs with choline chloride and sugars improved furosemide solubility up to 4530 times, offering new formulation possibilities for poorly soluble drugs.

Keywords:
Active pharmaceutical ingredientsDeep eutectic solventsOral liquid formulationPhysicochemical propertiesRheological studySolubility

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Drug solubility is crucial for therapeutic efficacy, but many drugs exhibit poor aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability.
  • Weak acids and bases, common drug types, often present formulation challenges due to limited solubility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs) for improving the aqueous solubility of drugs.
  • To explore DESs formed by choline chloride and various sugars (xylitol, fructose, glucose, sorbitol) with different water content.
  • To evaluate the impact of these DESs on the solubility of caffeine (BCS Class I) and furosemide (BCS Class IV).

Main Methods:

  • Formation of DESs using choline chloride and sugars (xylitol, fructose, glucose, sorbitol) with varying water proportions.
  • Characterization of DES physicochemical properties including density, refractive index, and surface tension.
  • Rheological studies of the developed DES formulations.
  • Assessment of caffeine and furosemide solubility in the prepared DESs.

Main Results:

  • DESs with higher water content showed better caffeine solubility, though not exceeding pure water.
  • A significant increase in furosemide solubility was observed, particularly in xylitol-based DESs with low water content, reaching up to a 4530-fold enhancement.
  • Physicochemical properties like density, refractive index, surface tension, and rheology were determined for the DESs.

Conclusions:

  • Deep Eutectic Systems offer a viable strategy to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.
  • Specific DES formulations, especially those involving xylitol, demonstrate remarkable improvements in furosemide solubility.
  • These findings suggest potential for developing novel liquid drug formulations for challenging active pharmaceutical ingredients.