Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Observation of Iso-Symmetric Structural and Lifshitz Transitions in Quasi-One-Dimensional CrNbSe<sub>5</sub>.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026

Same author

Pressure-Induced Chemical Bonding Effects on Lattice and Magnetic Instabilities in Antiferromagnetic Insulating CaMn<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>.

ACS materials Au·2026

Same author

Beyond layer stacking: molecular Ru<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> dimer correlations in pressure-synthesized Ba<sub>3</sub>NbRu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub>.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Same author

Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions in Bilayer La<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026

Same author

Unconventional bipartite entanglement in the quantum dimer magnet Yb<sub>2</sub>Be<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>7</sub>.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Spin excitation continuum from degenerate states in the mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic exchange system CeMgAl<sub>11</sub>O<sub>19</sub>.

Science advances·2026

Same journal

Solvent Coordination-Induced Synergistic Phase, Facet, and Defect Engineering of CdS for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same journal

Tailoring the Electron-Enriched Microenvironment of UiO-66 via Thiol Functionalization to Boost Non-Thermal Plasma CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same journal

Nonporous Self-Assembled Pd(II) Coordination Cage Enabling Dual Capture of Iodine and Methyl Iodide.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same journal

A Three-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite-Type Molecular Ferroelectric Material [3.2.2-H<sub>2</sub>dabcn]Rb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same journal

Nonlinear Optical-Active NaAlP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> Synthesized by the MOBQ Method: Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same journal

Ligand-Controlled Redox and Photophysical Properties in Photoluminescent Tris-Heteroleptic Ru(II) Pyridyl-Phosphonium Ylide Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

Published on: August 17, 2016

Erbium-Excess Gallium Garnets.

Chen Yang^1,2, Haozhe Wang³, Lun Jin¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry

|August 16, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study describes novel erbium gallium garnets with unusual magnetic properties. Increased erbium content leads to higher residual entropy, suggesting potential for complex magnetic behaviors and spin-ice-like frustration.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of 68Ga Core-doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Dual Positron Emission Tomography /T1Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Synthesis of 68Ga Core-doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Dual Positron Emission Tomography /T1Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: November 20, 2018

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

Published on: August 17, 2016

Synthesis of 68Ga Core-doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Dual Positron Emission Tomography /T1Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Synthesis of 68Ga Core-doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Dual Positron Emission Tomography /T1Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: November 20, 2018

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Physics
Magnetism

Background:

Garnet structures are known for their versatile properties.
Erbium-based compounds are of interest for their magnetic characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize erbium gallium garnets (Er3+Ga5-xO12).
To investigate the crystal structure and magnetic ordering of these garnets.
To explore the relationship between erbium excess and magnetic behavior.

Main Methods:

Crystal structure determination for polycrystalline and single-crystal samples.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements to determine magnetic ordering temperature (TN).
Analysis of magnetic entropy and its dependence on applied magnetic fields.

Main Results:

Established the garnet phase limit for Er3+Ga5-xO12 between x=0.5 and 0.6.
Observed long-range antiferromagnetic order with TN ≈ 0.8 K, indicative of spin-ice-like frustration.
Found that magnetic ordering temperature is independent of Er excess, but residual entropy increases with Er excess.

Conclusions:

The synthesized garnets exhibit unusual magnetic properties due to Er substitution on octahedral sites.
Increasing Er excess enhances residual entropy, pointing towards complex magnetic phenomena.
Field-dependent magnetic entropy trends align with frustrated magnetic systems.