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Stability of structures

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In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Engram stability and maturation during systems consolidation.

Ron Refaeli¹, Tirzah Kreisel¹, Maya Groysman²

¹Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Current Biology : CB

|August 16, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engrams, the brain cells storing memories, remain stable from recent to remote recall. Their maturation involves specific cell connections, not random additions, impacting memory consolidation.

Keywords:

CA1 CLARITY anterior cingulate cortex engram pseudo-rabies recent memory remote memory retro-AAV

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Published on: January 31, 2017

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Published on: October 2, 2019

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective

Published on: July 1, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

Remote memories are crucial for perception and are stored in brain engrams.
Engram cell ensembles in the hippocampus (CA1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are key to memory recall.
The evolution of these engrams during systems consolidation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics and stability of CA1 engrams during systems consolidation.
To understand the maturation processes of engrams from recent to remote memory.
To elucidate the circuit-level changes associated with memory consolidation.

Main Methods:

Utilized transgenic approaches for engram identification.
Employed CLARITY, retro-AAV, and pseudo-rabies virus for circuit mapping.
Applied chemogenetics for functional interrogation of engram cells.

Main Results:

CA1 engrams demonstrated stability between recent and remote memory recall.
Inhibiting recent recall engrams during remote recall impaired memory function.
Engram maturation involved non-random addition of cells based on connectivity.
Observed growth in anterograde CA1 → ACC projections.
Found reduced ACC input and increased input from the entorhinal cortex and PVN to CA1 engram cells.

Conclusions:

CA1 engrams are stable over time, preserving memory traces.
Engram maturation is a selective process involving specific circuit modifications.
These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of systems consolidation and memory persistence.