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Quantifying the scientific revolution.

Benoît de Courson1,2, Valentin Thouzeau2, Nicolas Baumard2

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Economic development significantly fueled the Scientific Revolution, particularly in England and the United Provinces. This creativity extended to arts and philosophy, linked to inclusive institutions and long-term thinking.

Keywords:
Cultural evolutiondigital humanitieseconomic developmenthistory of science

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Area of Science:

  • Historical analysis of scientific and cultural development.
  • Quantitative history and economic history.

Background:

  • The Scientific Revolution is a pivotal historical event but lacks quantitative understanding.
  • Previous research has not fully explored the economic and cultural drivers of scientific advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify scientific production from 1300-1850 and identify its key drivers.
  • To investigate the relationship between economic development, cultural creativity, and scientific output.
  • To analyze the role of cultural transmission in scientific progress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large dataset of 22,943 individual biographies.
  • Employed partially observed Markov models from population biology to study cultural transmission.
  • Conducted cross-country comparative analysis of scientific production.

Main Results:

  • England and the United Provinces exhibited significantly higher scientific creativity than other nations.
  • Economic development was strongly associated with scientific creativity and broader cultural output (arts, philosophy).
  • Horizontal cultural transmission played a surprisingly marginal role in scientific progress.

Conclusions:

  • Economic development was a crucial factor in fostering the Scientific Revolution.
  • A shared mindset characterized by long-term orientation and exploration underpins scientific, cultural, and economic creativity.
  • Economic development is a significant driver for various aspects of human cultural evolution.