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Pathways to social inequality.

Hannah J Haynie1, Patrick H Kavanagh2, Fiona M Jordan3

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.

Evolutionary Human Sciences
|August 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social class hierarchies arise from population size, intensive agriculture, and hereditary succession. Environmental factors influence inequality indirectly through resource intensification and wealth transmission.

Keywords:
Social inequalityenvironmental conditionsresource intensificationstructural equation modellingwealth transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Sociology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Social inequality is a widespread issue with significant social and ecological consequences.
  • The drivers behind the emergence and persistence of inequality are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To globally analyze the pathways leading to social inequality.
  • To compare 408 non-industrial societies to identify factors associated with social class hierarchies.

Main Methods:

  • Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze environmental and ethnographic data.
  • Two alternative models were tested to examine the relationships between various factors.

Main Results:

  • Population size, intensive agriculture, use of large domesticated mammals, unigeniture inheritance, and hereditary political succession were directly associated with social class hierarchies.
  • Environmental variables indirectly influence inequality through resource intensification.

Conclusions:

  • A complex network of factors contributes to social class hierarchies.
  • Resource intensification mediates the impact of environmental variables on inequality.