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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy.

Hao Zhang1, Li Yang1, Tingting Wang1

  • 1Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China.

Bioactive Materials
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells show promise for cancer therapy but struggle in solid tumors due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology offers solutions to enhance NK cell immunotherapy efficacy for solid tumors.

Keywords:
Endogenous NK cellsExogenous NK cellsImmunotherapyNK cellsNanomaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for eliminating virus-infected and tumor cells, especially in hematological cancers.
  • Their therapeutic potential for solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, causing NK cell inactivation, poor expansion, and reduced infiltration.
  • This necessitates strategies to overcome these suppressive effects for effective solid tumor treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of NK cell activation and inhibition within solid tumors.
  • To summarize recent advancements in NK cell-based immunotherapy enhanced by nanomaterials.
  • To discuss the challenges and future opportunities for clinical translation of NK cell therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on NK cell function in solid tumors.
  • Analysis of studies employing nanotechnology to augment NK cell immunotherapy.
  • Synthesis of information on NK cell activation, inhibition, and nanomaterial applications.

Main Results:

  • Solid tumors create a complex immunosuppressive microenvironment that impairs NK cell function.
  • Nanomaterials show potential in overcoming these suppressive mechanisms, improving NK cell activity, expansion, and tumor infiltration.
  • Diverse nanomaterial strategies are being explored to boost NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is key to successful NK cell therapy for solid tumors.
  • Nanotechnology offers promising avenues to enhance NK cell immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Further research and clinical translation are needed to realize the full potential of NK cell-based cancer treatments.