Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

4.0K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
4.0K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.6K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.6K
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

10.3K
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
10.3K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

2.1K
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
2.1K
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

75
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
75
Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction01:26

Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction

3.4K
α-Substituted ketones or aldehydes can be synthesized from enamines by the Stork enamine reaction, named after its pioneer Gilbert Stork. Enamines are useful synthetic intermediates where the lone pair on nitrogen is in conjugation with the C=C bond. They resemble enolate ions, as the resonance forms of both species have a nucleophilic α carbon.
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Multifaceted Roles in Cancer: Current Evidence from a Narrative Review.

Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Isolation, antimicrobial evaluation, and in silico docking of spinasterol from Impatiens rothii Hook. f. tuber extract.

Tropical medicine and health·2026
Same author

From History to Innovation: Pathophysiology and the Evolving Landscape of Urolithiasis Diagnosis and Treatment.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same author

Advances in Liver Organoid Technology: A Paradigm Shift in Hepatic Research and Therapeutics.

Current pharmaceutical design·2026
Same author

Synergistic Anti-dementia Effects of <i>Symplocos racemosa</i> Nanoemulsion: Isolation, Molecular Docking, and <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation.

Current neurovascular research·2026
Same author

PTP1B Inhibitors for Type 2 Diabetes: From Natural Products, Synthetic Inhibitors, and Multi-Target Drug Design Strategies to Clinical Translation.

Current drug targets·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

6.7K

Pyrazoline and Analogs: Substrate-based Synthetic Strategies.

Himanshu Singh1, Rajnish Kumar1, Avijit Mazumder1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, India.

Current Organic Synthesis
|August 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategies for synthesizing pyrazolines and their analogs. It classifies methods by starting materials, offering valuable insights for pyrazoline derivative research.

Keywords:
13-dipolar cycloadditionPyrazolinechalcones.diazo compoundshuisgen zwitter ionnitrile iminessynthesis

More Related Videos

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
10:17

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

7.0K
Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

6.7K
Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of &#945;-Imino &#947;-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
10:17

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones

Published on: February 7, 2019

7.0K
Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines
10:42

Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Pyrazolines and their analogs are important heterocyclic compounds with diverse applications.
  • Traditional synthesis methods often lack selectivity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify recent strategies for pyrazoline synthesis.
  • To focus on methods utilizing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for researchers in pyrazoline chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recently adopted pyrazoline synthesis strategies.
  • Classification of methods based on key starting materials: nitrile imines, diazo compounds, zwitter ions, chalcones, isoprene units.
  • Specific focus on synthesis using Seyferth-Gilbert reagents (SGR) and Psilostachyin (PSH) reagents.

Main Results:

  • 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a versatile and efficient strategy for pyrazoline synthesis.
  • Methods are categorized by diverse starting materials, offering a structured overview.
  • The review covers established and novel synthetic routes, including those from SGR and PSH.

Conclusions:

  • 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions offer selective, eco-friendly, and cost-effective pyrazoline synthesis.
  • This review provides a valuable, rarely available classification of synthetic protocols based on starting materials.
  • The work serves as a crucial complement for developing new pyrazoline derivatives.