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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

LINE-1 Methylation Analysis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Osteosarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
12:18

LINE-1 Methylation Analysis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Osteosarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: February 1, 2020

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Multifaceted Roles in Cancer: Current Evidence from a Narrative Review.

Himanshu Singh1, Ranjeet Kumar Yadav1, Anmol Dogra2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, U.P. 201306, India.

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial in cancer, acting as biomarkers for detection and enabling targeted therapies. Engineered EVs show promise for delivering cancer treatments, advancing precision oncology.

Keywords:
EV CargoExtracellular vesiclescancer.exosomesmicrovesiclesniche formation

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Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
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Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

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Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
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Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

LINE-1 Methylation Analysis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Osteosarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
12:18

LINE-1 Methylation Analysis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated with Osteosarcoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: February 1, 2020

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
11:31

Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles

Published on: May 22, 2019

Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue
09:03

Extraction of Extracellular Vesicles from Whole Tissue

Published on: February 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles facilitating intercellular communication.
  • In cancer, EVs influence the tumor microenvironment, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the biological and clinical significance of EVs in cancer.
  • Highlight their potential as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major scientific databases.
  • Critical examination of studies on EV composition, isolation, characterization, and bioengineering.

Main Results:

  • EV molecular cargo reflects cellular states, enabling non-invasive cancer biomarker applications.
  • EVs regulate tumor heterogeneity and adaptability through signaling pathways.
  • Engineered EVs show potential for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics, RNA drugs, and immunomodulators.

Conclusions:

  • EVs are versatile tools for precision oncology.
  • Standardization and clinical validation are ongoing challenges.
  • EV-based strategies may become integral to personalized cancer treatment.