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In-Season Longitudinal Hydration/Body Cell Mass Ratio Changes in Elite Rugby Players
Álex Cebrián-Ponce1, Cristian Petri2, Pascal Izzicupo3
1INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 25, 2023
Summary
Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) is more sensitive than Urine Specific Gravity (USG) for tracking hydration and physiological changes in elite rugby players throughout a season.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Physiology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Hydration status critically impacts athletic performance.
- Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) and Urine Specific Gravity (USG) are common hydration assessment tools.
- Field-based hydration monitoring in sports requires sensitive and practical methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the sensitivity of BIVA and USG in detecting hydration changes in elite rugby players.
- To determine the longitudinal relationship between BIVA and USG during a competitive sports season.
- To assess the utility of BIVA for monitoring physiological adaptations related to hydration and body composition in athletes.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study involving 34 elite male rugby players over one season.
- Five repeated measures of BIVA and USG throughout the season.
- Statistical analysis included repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni's post-hoc tests, Hotelling's T2 test, and repeated measures correlation.
Main Results:
- BIVA showed significant longitudinal changes: vector shortening and increased phase angle (July-September), and vector lengthening with decreased phase angle (December-April).
- USG exhibited no significant changes or correlation with BIVA over the season.
- BIVA-derived changes indicated body fluid and cell mass shifts, reflecting preseason conditioning and late-season fatigue.
Conclusions:
- BIVA is highly sensitive to physiological changes related to hydration and body composition in athletes.
- BIVA demonstrates superior utility compared to USG for longitudinal hydration assessment in a field sports setting.
- BIVA can provide valuable insights into training adaptations and performance readiness in elite rugby players.
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