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Insight into phenotypic plasticity in planthoppers.

Hai-Jian Huang1, Jin-Li Zhang2, Chuan-Xi Zhang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planthoppers exhibit phenotypic plasticity, adjusting their wing and color through environmental cues. Key pathways like insulin/IGF signaling and tyrosine-melanin are crucial for these adaptive changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Planthoppers display remarkable phenotypic plasticity, adapting morphology for survival and reproduction.
  • Wing and color polyphenism are key outward manifestations of this plasticity, influenced by environmental factors.
  • Wing polyphenism involves trade-offs between reproduction and migration, while color polyphenism relates to development and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review environmental influences on planthopper wing and color polyphenism.
  • To highlight advances in understanding the insulin/IGF signaling-FoxO pathway in wing development.
  • To explore the tyrosine-melanin pathway's role in planthopper coloration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on planthopper polyphenism.
  • Focus on molecular pathways: insulin/IGF signaling-FoxO and tyrosine-melanin pathways.
  • Analysis of environmental cue-induced morphological changes.

Main Results:

  • Environmental cues significantly impact planthopper wing and color polyphenism.
  • The insulin/IGF signaling-FoxO pathway is central to wing development and plasticity.
  • The tyrosine-melanin pathway mediates coloration, linked to insect development and immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental cues trigger adaptive polyphenisms in planthoppers via specific molecular pathways.
  • Further research is needed to identify FoxO-regulated genes and upstream signals for the tyrosine-melanin pathway.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for comprehending insect adaptation and evolution.