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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

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Virus Infection and mRNA Nuclear Export.

Jiayin Guo1, Yaru Zhu1, Xiaoya Ma1

  • 1University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Viruses hijack host mRNA nuclear export to suppress gene expression and immune responses. This review details viral strategies for manipulating host mRNA export, offering potential antiviral targets.

Keywords:
CRM1NPCNXF1Nup98Rae1host mRNAmRNA exportviral mRNAvirus

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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip

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In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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In Vitro Transcribed RNA-based Luciferase Reporter Assay to Study Translation Regulation in Poxvirus-infected Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression in eukaryotes involves transcription, mRNA synthesis, and export to the cytoplasm for translation.
  • mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a critical regulatory step in gene expression.
  • Viral infections can disrupt host mRNA export pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms by which viruses suppress host mRNA nuclear export.
  • To summarize viral strategies for facilitating their own mRNA export.
  • To identify potential antiviral targets based on mRNA transport manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on viral interactions with host mRNA export machinery.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms employed by viruses to interfere with host gene expression.
  • Synthesis of information on viral RNA export strategies.

Main Results:

  • Viruses interact with host mRNA export factors, interfering with host mRNA export.
  • Viral proteins facilitate the export of viral RNA, promoting viral replication.
  • Host gene expression and immune responses are downregulated during viral infection.
  • Viral strategies exploit and manipulate the host's nuclear export pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding viral manipulation of mRNA export reveals vulnerabilities in viral life cycles.
  • Targeting viral mRNA transport pathways offers potential antiviral therapeutic strategies.
  • Enhancing host mRNA export could bolster immune responses against viral infections.