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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Constructing High-Performance Ternary Device Using Analogous Polymer Donors.

Yu Fang1, Xiangmeng Deng1, Jiayong Lu1

  • 1Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel terpolymer donors by incorporating BDD units into PM6 backbones for polymer solar cells. The optimal terpolymer donor achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 18.52% due to enhanced properties.

Keywords:
analogous polymer donorshigh-performance polymer solar cellsternary copolymerizationternary devicesterpolymer donors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Ternary copolymerization and blending are key strategies for optimizing polymer structure and thin-film morphology in devices.
  • Donor-Acceptor-Acceptor-Acceptor (D-A-A-A) terpolymers offer tunable properties for advanced electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel D-A-A-A terpolymer donors by integrating BDD units into a PM6 backbone.
  • To investigate the impact of these terpolymers on the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three D-A-A-A terpolymer donors (FY1, FY2, FY3) by incorporating BDD units into the PM6 copolymer.
  • Fabrication and characterization of ternary polymer solar cells using the synthesized terpolymers as the third component.
  • Analysis of device performance, including power conversion efficiency (PCE), charge transport, energy loss, and morphology.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized terpolymers exhibited enhanced conjugated planarity and broad absorption due to the BDD units.
  • Improved π-π stacking orientation was observed in the terpolymers, beneficial for charge transport.
  • The optimal ternary device (FY1:PM6:BTP-eC9) achieved a high PCE of 18.52% with efficient charge transport and minimal energy loss.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporating BDD units into PM6 backbones is an effective strategy for developing high-performance terpolymer donors.
  • Ternary devices utilizing these analogous polymer donors show significant potential for high-efficiency polymer solar cells.
  • The study demonstrates a viable approach for enhancing PSC performance through rational terpolymer design.